Womens Progression In The Workforce History Essay

Womens Progression In The Workforce History Essay As our country entered WWII, the workforce consisted primarily of men. Women made up only twenty-six percent of the workforce during this time. During World War II, the percentage of women in the workforce nearly doubled as a result of men being drafted into the war.  [1]  Immediately following the war many women were fired from their jobs, but this did not stop seventy-five percent of women from wanting to work outside of the home.  [2]  Women progressed in the workforce drastically during WWII, and the years that followed as a result of the war, economic challenges, congressional legislation, and changes in the dynamics of the workforce. World War II affected the workforce in many different ways. The major way that WWII altered the workforce is that men were drafted into the military. This drafting left women to step into the jobs vacated by the men. Women soon found themselves being homemakers as well as doing things such as working long hours in factories. Women were able to demonstrate that they could perform at the same level as men in industrial roles.  [3]  They did not always receive equal pay and benefits as their male counterparts may have had, but the ability to do the work at hand was equal. Women also found themselves becoming members of the military. One example of this is Betty Budde, of Concord, who, during WWII was able to see the world as a member of the Womens Air Force Service Pilots.  [4]  These jobs outside of the home caused women to gain a since of independence from the typical roles of the time of a working husband, and a stay at home wife. The media also encouraged women to be a part of the war effort through magazine and advertisements such as Rosie the Riveter. In some ways, the domestic circumstances of the war fostered the roots of the womens rights movement that built on it.  [5]  Toward the end of the war, the advertisements started to change, reminding women that they would soon return to their homemaking.  [6]  The response from women was different though. Surveys showed that women wanted to continue working outside of the home after the war ended. In 1945, many of the men that had been off in the war returned home, and many women were fired and forced out of their jobs. Some women even voluntarily left their jobs. One woman, Mrs. Neffe, stated that she left her job at a naval depot in Tacoma because her husband wanted a wife, not a career woman.  [7]  The number of women in the work force dropped from 20.3 million down to 15.9 million between 1945 and 1947.  [8]  Even though women were forced out of the industrial line of work, many sought the clerical and service jobs that were becoming available that men returning from the war did not want to take. After the war ended, America expected women to go back to the same roles they were in before the war started. While the country attempted to create a new and exciting future, womens roles changed, leading to feelings of isolation and worthlessness.  [9]  There was also a baby boom that followed the mens return.  [10]  This baby boom caused women to stay at home and tend to their children and the domestic duties of life. The same media before that had encouraged women to join the war effort and work outside the home was now showing the proper gender roles of men and women by showing the ideal family being a stay at home mom, and a father who went to work. Also, mens wages were higher than ever before, making it possible for the first time in U.S. history for a substantial number of middle class families to live comfortably on the income of one breadwinner .  [11]  With all these factors working against them, the setbacks did not keep seventy five percent of those women fro m continuing to want to work outside of the home.  [12]   As time passed, these determined women did not let go of hope of one day working outside of the home once again. The economy was changing so much that it was becoming almost impossible to live off of one single income. Social and economic pressures were causing families to spend more money and come to realize that they needed more income for the family. Living off of one income to create a heightened lifestyle was a struggle so it left it up to women to pick up a job outside of the home to help support the family, and its wants and needs. Yet, women still felt the social pressure to stay at home.  [13]  Industries were making it easier for women to do their typical duties at home, such as invention of the microwavable television dinner. Housewives became more and more dissatisfied with staying home as the skills for being a housewife decreased.  [14]  At the same time, many women were obtaining a higher education compared to earlier years. This higher education was preparing women for better jobs in the workplace than the clerical and service jobs that few were working after the war. Many women were starting to wonder if their higher education would benefit them, and not just their husbands career. By the 1960s, the previous social pressures of being a stay at home wife were overcome. The number of married women in the workforce at the beginning of the sixties was higher than at any previous time in American history.  [15]  During this time, cultural changes led many women to fight for equal pay for equal work done in the workplace.  [16]  Gradually, Americans came to accept some of the basic goals of the Sixties feminists: equal pay for equal work, an end to domestic violence, curtailment of severe limits on women in managerial jobs, an end to sexual harassment, and sharing of responsibility for housework and child rearing.  [17]  This was a major change in the roles of women in comparison to earlier in the century. Women were starting to move up the in the working world, even though Americans were still attempting to stop them. Some historians believe womens entry into industrial jobs during World War II hastened societal and economic changes already occurring in the American landscape and that it may have lit a fuse that contributed to the womens rights movements that were occurring.  [18]  These movements led to the acceptance of many women in jobs that would not have been imagined to be obtained before. The 1970s also led to an influx of women into the workforce. This influx happened because (page 4 of RAND) By 1980, forty three percent of the workforce consisted of women.  [19]   Many women who lived through World War II came to want different lives for their  daughters.  [20]  

Kingdom By the Sea

And loving young boy named Harry who Is a very Intelligent person who has to go through different situations and as he does we learn more and more about his character as it unfolds throughout the book. We learn that he can easily adapt to problematic situations and learn new and vital skills quickly and easily for his journey of survival. Harry lost absolutely everything after his house got bombed during World War Two. Through this we learn more and more about his character. As Harry was lying on the beach, a dog came up to him. Harry looked on the collar and the address read, 12 Lauderdale Terrace and the name read, Don.Lauderdale Terrace had been bombed about three weeks ago; the poor dog was in the same situation as Harry, homeless, nowhere to go. Harry has now got a companion to be with, he Is now no longer lonely. Harry relationship with Don shows us that Harry Is a caring person ready to help and Is not selfish. Harry and Don continued their journey of survival together and bec ame closer and closer through the different situations they went through together. The obstacles that Harry encountered and his relationship with Don vastly affected his personality.As Harry lay on the beach thinking about what he would do for money he embedded his father's voice, â€Å"Don't flap around like a wet hen. Think! â€Å". Then he remembers he did have some money, 17 pounds and 10 shillings, in the Trustee Savings Bank. He came across a problem, where was the bankbook? He soon realized that it was In the attach © case he had been carrying around with him. He got the bankbook out of the case and soon felt terribly guilty, he was never allowed to look inside the case. Harry quickly grabbed his bankbook and slammed the case shut. This shows us that Harry respects his Mum and Dad even though they are dead.Harry is a respectful boy. Harry uses his money wisely so it will last him longer. This tells us that Harry is a wise person who is very cautious in making the money la st. When Harry and Don spent a night in a farmer's barn and the farmer attacked Harry in a vicious and inhumane way, Don bit the farmer to help Harry escape. This indicates Don's undying love for Harry, which means they have developed a strong bond. When the farmer attempted to shoot Don with his shotgun, Harry retaliated and hit the farmer very hard on the back with a fence post. The farmer said â€Å"Christ, kid†¦ I think you've broken me back†.The farmer was In excruciating amounts of pain and was asking Harry to help him In a desperate manner. Harry turned his back and said â€Å"Get Lost†. This shows us a completely different aspect of Harry character, in defensive over Don, which indicates that they have formed a very strong relationship with each other. In order to survive Harry has to lie to other people because otherwise he will get caught and most likely be taken to an orphanage of some sort. Lying was not part of Harry character before the war but he ha d to forfeit some of his strong values to survive in this new world of mayhem.Earlier in the book when Harry was in the chip shop he had to lie to the man at the counter because if he had told him that he was homeless and did not have any parents, the shopkeeper would probably alert the police and Harry would be taken away. When he was in the chip shop he cried as well so he would gain sympathy from people around him. This is shown when a woman in the chip shop says â€Å"Leave the poor brain alone, for God's sake, what's he ever done to you, Jim†. This indicates that Harry is aware that anything that he says or does will affect him in a big way. It also shows that Harry plan is working and he's on the right track.Even though his dad had told him not to cry or lie, tears and lies seemed to be the only things that were effective nowadays. Since the explosion Harry has had to learn independence and to mature quickly, he has applied skills that he had learned in school to look a fter himself. He used sand to clean his body and used salt to clean his teeth. This shows us that Harry listened in class time because he has been able to apply these simple survival strategies. It also indicates that Harry is aware that he has to keep his hygiene up to date so he will be accepted in the local towns, nobody liked a dirty, scruffy kid.Harry found himself in need if shelter. He was walking along the beach thinking hard when he found himself upon an upturned boat. He walked up to it and realized that it could be his new home for the meanwhile. This shows us that Harry was inventive and resourceful. Harry confidently befriends an adult, named Artier, who is part of the army. Harry and Artier become close friends however Harry still has to lie about his homeless status. Harry becomes popular amongst the beaches soldiers and then becomes the Sergeant's errand boy.This tells us that Harry has grown in confidence, as he is able to develop bonds with the surrounding adults. The events since the explosion, have shaped Harry character in diverse ways. Harry has been forced to learn many new skills during his Journey of survival. He has developed valuable character traits through his strong bond with Don, he has had to mature quickly and become his own parent. Harry character is developed in various situations and learn new and vital skills for his Journey of survival. Harry is a very intelligent young boy and we find out more and more about him as the novel moves

How Many Miles to Babylon Essay

Describe Alecs journey and discuss the valuable insight or lessons that you gained through the study of the theme of the journey? The novel how many miles to Babylon by Jennifer Johnson highlights Alec Moore’s tragic journey. We see his journey true childhood to adulthood. Interestingly, the novel begins at the end of Alec’s journey as he waits execution â€Å"because I am no officer & a gentlemen they have given me my notebook, ink, pen, paper† and comes full circle. Immediately we wonder how Alec someone so high up in the war is being executed, then as we read on we begin to realise how his journey through life has left him isolated and cold, returning to his prison cell at the close of the novel. Despite Alec’s privileged background or rather because of it, I now realise that the heart breaking ending was inevitable. Having studied the protagonists journey I have gained many insights into how isolated children can be despite having a privileged background, isolation and control his mother had over him was a major obstacle, with the support of friendship obstacles can seem meaningless, psychology and Alec’s coping strategies, the impact the journey had on the protagonist and how people dealt with the trauma of war differently. Alec led a very controlled and confined life due to his mothers control and rein over him. Throughout the novel we see how Alec’s mother has very little love for him which makes Alec the way he is, Alec has a dysfunctional family and a cruel cold hearted mother who shows no sense of motherly love towards him. He grew up as a lonely young boy â€Å"As a child I was alone†¦ I was isolated from surrounding children of my own age†. Alec once said â€Å"if I were to be born again I would choose to be a rook. They lead such joyful, public lives† unlike him, from this we can note that Alec is very unhappy in his life. Despite Alecs privileged life with no shortage of material goods he was deprived love and compassion from his mother. His parents were only together for appearances and status. We know this from when Alec says â€Å"My father’s face would show little emotion†. The insight I gained from send him to this was that â€Å"money really cannot buy you happiness†. During the novel we see how isolation plays a major obstacle in Alec’s journey. Alec wasn’t allowed go to school â€Å"he is delicate, Frederick my dear† From this quote it is clear how controlled Alec is by Alicia and the power she has over her so, she isolates him. As we know his mother controlled his life and had a big influence on his journey. Alec was cut off socially in many aspects. Alicia was not happy about him making friends this is clear when she sends Europe to stop his friendship with Frederick. In her eyes it is an â€Å"unsuitable relationship†. Alec’s mother Alicia had a powerful upper hand over her son. Whatever she wanted was done. Her orders were obeyed. It wasn’t until the end of the novel that we see Alec trying to get back at his mother which costs him his own life. Alec went to war because his mother wanted him to â€Å"I want you to go for all the right reasons as well as a few of the wrong ones†. From this we can note that Alicia has the last say in everything and is the decision maker. She forced Alec to go to war just so she could boast to her women friends over lunch about having a son in the war. But that didn’t work out as well as planned as Alec deliberately orchestrated his own execution. Therefore Alicia couldn’t gloat about her son being off at war and most certainly couldn’t tell them how he died as this was something to be ashamed of in her eyes. The power of friendship between Jerry and Alec helped the protagonist through his journey. The insight I gained from this was friendship is vital, it can help you through some of the hardest things in life and we see this at first hand in the novel â€Å"How Many Miles†. Alec for the first time experienced love; he had never experienced this emotion before up to this point he was a very emotionless character. Alec and Jerry were so in sync and understood each other so well â€Å"the beating of our hearts was like the cracking wings of a swan†. Jerry and Alec were like â€Å"tweedledum and tweedledee†. They both were extremely close and very innocent â€Å"ever had a sup before?’ I considered my chances of getting away with a lie and then shook my head†, â€Å"I’d of thought you’d have been with a girl†. From this we can take that both of these characters were very innocent and open with each other, they have great trust in one another and can confide in each other. Their friendship was the only thing Alec had; they never let each other down and always supported one another. From my reading of the novel I learnt that Alec and Jerry always had each other’s backs â€Å"of course I’ll speak for you but my voice is not very loud†. From this quote it certifies that my above statement is true. With the support of Jerry on Alec’s journey, his obstacles of isolation, Alicia, Glendenning, no father figure and his Anglo/Irish class all seem meaningless and in ways we can see Alec’s life improve after he befriends Jerry. I gained a very valuable insight that friendship is vital in every walk of life and it really can make problems seem meaningless when you feel you have someone else on your side willing to take the fall with you. I learnt a very valuable lesson on psychology trough out this novel. From the very beginning right up until the end we see how twisted and devious Alicia is. She is willing to put her only child’s life at risk by forcing him off to war, his opinion does not matter. The way Alicia’s mind functions is very interesting. I personally was engrossed with Alicia’s character. I had never even considered the fact that one’s mother could have such a negative influence on her own child’s life especially in these circumstances where Alec’s mother present and the wealthy background they had. Alicia also intentionally sets out to upset her child when she drops the bomb shell â€Å"Perhaps he were not your father†. This really helps me understand how crafty and devious Alec’s mother is. I had never even anticipated how cruel a mother could be to her own flesh and blood. She was so blunt and carefree. I also found it tantalizing on how Alec evoked his mother. He obeyed her wish about going to war but purposely left early so Alicia could not celebrate his departure with the neighbours like she had planned. Also how Alec did not write to his mother at the start, he rejected his mother. Alec also made sure that Alicia did not get her way at the very end when he orchestrated his own execution. He felt he had no more reason to live, nothing worth to live for â€Å"I love no living person†. This really emphasises how Alec did not have any love for his mother. I learnt a valuable lesson on psychology and an insight into how Alec and Alicia feel about each other. How their relationship is not a usual mother/son type. Alec dealt with issues in his life a very different way than most, he would try his utmost best to ignore the problem and forget it even happened. Alec was like a child in the way he dealt with his problems; he didn’t stand up and face the face problem head on like most men. The title â€Å"How Many Miles to Babylon† is a perfect example of this; it is a nursery rhyme which hints to us that Alec is not very mature with his coping strategies. He also uses escapism as a way to block out the real issue, a perfect example of this is his plan to open up a riding school with Jerry. Which he knows deep down is not going to happen but forces himself to believe so. He focuses on the physical pain of war not the reality of it. Alec’s journey had a major impact on him. Throughout the novel we can see Alec’s character grow and mature. We see Alec connect with emotions we didn’t think he had for example he felt love for the first time, we know this from when Alec says after Jerry has died â€Å" I love no living thing†. From this we can note that Alec had deep feelings for Alec as a friend, he loved him like a brother. Alec journey makes him more of life, he led a very secured and protected up bringing he did not know the evil of this world they lived in. In ways going to war helped him understand and get a better grasp of life. Alec’s journey also allows him to open up more. We see this mainly with Jerry they express feelings and thoughts to each other. As i mentioned above we saw him love and care for another human being but we also saw him express anger â€Å" I picked up the poker and beat at the fire†. All in all this journey had a major affect on Alec in numerous aspects, but i got an insight into how it allowed him to connect with his feelings and allowed him to open up more. In conclusion, after studying this novel I gained an insight into many different aspects of Alec’s life which I would never have considered before, I learnt how Jerry assisted Alec on his journey and that with a friendship like that you get the feeling like you are in control and nothing can stop you. I also learnt a lot about how Alec and Alicia feel about each other after reading more into the novel.

The United States Constitution Essay - 1515 Words

The United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite the contrary. The constitution was designed to be molded and amended to be able to protect the rights of each and every American throughout the ever-changing society. This document keeps the national government from obtaining too much power and possibly becoming a tyranny. Since the constitution has been so successful in obtaining a functioning government through all these years, many other countries have used this very document as the groundwork for their own constitutions and governments. The first type of government in the US, called the Articles of Confederation, only lasted 10 years (Schmidt 37-39). From this, the founding fathers knew that this new document needed to be able to perform impeccably through centuries if this country’s government was going to thrive. The writers of the U.S. constitution have created a special weapon to combat outdatedness that the document might possess (Schmidt 44-47). This special weapon is called Amendments. Outlined in article 5 of theShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Islan d and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more valid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be heldRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1787 the four founding fathers of the United States wrote the constitution . The constitution was written to let the people of the U.S know how the states would be governed and also to stop the government from having too mu ch power. The constitution is divided into three branches : the Legislative branch, Executive branch and the Judicial branch. All the branches are based on the idea of separation of power in which each branch has a specific power and responsibility and don’t rely onRead MoreThe United States Of The Constitution857 Words   |  4 Pages United States of America is one of the greatest country that have lot of power that can affect another country. Democracy were originated at Athens, Greece. But as a superpower country that got the independence from a long time, America’s politics and system has been a role model for other country that want to use democracy as a political system in their place. In the world of politics, not only president and vice president have the role in the constitution, many parties and people were included